Las renovables ahorran hasta 5.000 millones de euros en dos años y no son un «lujo caro» tras Fukushima, según dice Fundación Renovables

Esta fundación consideró que el reciente Balance Energético 2010 presentado en el Ministerio de Industria confirma que «el cambio de modelo energético ya es una realidad que no debe frenarse». Según el balance, las renovables fueron el año pasado la principal fuente energética, al aportar el 32,6% del total, lo que confirma que en España se está produciendo un cambio de modelo energético que se refleja en un constante incremento de la participación de las energías renovables que desplazan a las fuentes convencionales como los ciclos combinados de gas, la nuclear o el carbón.

«En el mes de marzo, la subida de los precios del gas y del petróleo por los acontecimientos del Magreb y Oriente Medio y el desastre nuclear de Fukushima han puesto de manifiesto que los combustibles fósiles y la nuclear son fuentes energéticas cada vez más caras e incontrolables y sus riesgos son inasumibles por la sociedad», afirmó.

Frente a esta circunstancia, España dispone de una buena posición internacional para el desarrollo de las renovables. El país, afirmó, «lidera en estos momentos en el mundo ese cambio energético», que puede considerarse una «tendencia global», lo que muestra el «éxito» de las empresas nacionales.

Otros de los aspectos positivos del sistema español es, a su juicio, la alta integración de las renovables en la red eléctrica, lo que se observa «con admiración» en el exterior, y los esfuerzos que en este ámbito realizan las empresas y el propio gestor técnico de la red, REE.

Por otro lado, en el Balance Energético de 2010 se aprecia que la mayor aportación de las renovables vino acompañada de una caída del 20% en las emisiones de CO2 y de un descenso de tres puntos en la dependencia energética.

«Se puede también concluir que las renovables son el instrumento más eficaz para reducir las importaciones del exterior, principalmente de gas y petróleo, que representaron en 2010 el 66% de nuestro déficit comercial«, afirmó la Fundación.

En todo caso, advirtió de que los resultados de 2010 se deben en buena parte a la mayor actividad hidráulica y de que es difícil que se repitan si no se realiza un mayor esfuerzo, por eso pidió a las autoridades que en su «balance oficial» no den por «prácticamente conseguidos» los objetivos de 2020 ni caigan en «un alarde de autocomplacencia y de engaño consciente».

«Estamos lejos de los objetivos de 2020 y conseguirlos supondría nada más y nada menos que duplicar en renovables durante los próximos diez años todo el esfuerzo realizado en los últimos treinta«, aseguró la Fundación presidida por Javier García Breva.

Junto a esto, advirtió de la sobrecapacidad del sistema eléctrico tras la caída de la demanda y lamentó que «los ataques a las renovables no han dejado de agravarse hasta el día de hoy», a pesar de que «la regulación ha ido recortando las ayudas y los objetivos» de estas tecnologías, mientras se han incrementando «las subvenciones y los objetivos al carbón, a los ciclos combinados y más recientemente a la nuclear».

Asimismo, esta organización llamó la atención sobre la contradicción que supone que en el balance, a la vez que se reconocen los beneficios de las renovables, se ponga el freno a sus objetivos que se rebajan del 22,7% de consumo final en 2020, como se había comunicado a la Comisión Europea, al 20,8% aprobado en el Congreso de los Diputados.

«Lo grave de este freno es que se deja a todas las tecnologías solares, a la eólica marina, la biomasa y la geotermia, reducidas a la mínima expresión y con un crecimiento tendencial y casi vegetativo hasta 2020 y una incertidumbre regulatoria total a partir de 2012«, dijo.

Por este motivo, el cambio de modelo energético debe apoyarse en objetivos de renovables, de ahorro de energía y de reducción de emisiones mucho más elevados.

«Del 20+20+20», indicó, «se debe pasar al 30+30+30 en el 2020 si de verdad queremos alcanzar el objetivo coherente de una economía moderna con una política energética moderna. Los países más avanzados y con los que compite nuestra economía, están duplicando con la crisis los objetivos de sus tecnologías renovables. Frenarlos aquí supone una incoherencia que en términos de costes económicos nos acerca a una futura crisis energética que sólo se puede evitar abandonando la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles y de la energía nuclear«.

Como aspecto negativo la fundación destacó que, según el Balance Energético, la intensidad energética se incrementó un 2,4%. Esto significa que el consumo de energía sigue desacoplado con respecto al crecimiento del PIB, «debido a una política regulatoria que no presta atención ninguna al ahorro y unas compañías distribuidoras que siguen compitiendo exclusivamente por la mayor facturación y consumo de sus clientes y no por el ahorro. La gestión de la demanda está desaparecida en la política energética», señaló.

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